EPS@ISEP | The European Project Semester (EPS) at ISEP

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report [2016/06/11 09:09] – [7.5 Electronics overview] team5report [2017/04/29 17:25] (current) – [7.4 Thermodynamics] team5
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 ===== Acknowledgement  ===== ===== Acknowledgement  =====
  
-In this paragraph, the authors would like to thank the supervisors and teachers from the European Project Semester at Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. Their patience, guidance and great help strengthened the authors’ capacity to fulfill the project. Special gratitude for our main supervisors Cristina Ribeiro and Paulo Ferreira. This European Project Semester enriched all authors by culture, teamwork and team bonding. 
  
 +
 +The authors would like to thank the supervisors and teachers from the European Project Semester at Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. Their patience, guidance and great help strengthened the authors’ capacity to fulfill the project.  Special gratitude for our main supervisors Cristina Ribeiro and Paulo Ferreira. Hereby, the author would like to thank their family, their home University and the organization of the European Project Semester who made it possible to study abroad. This European Project Semester enriched all authors by culture, teamwork and team bonding. 
 ===== Glossary ===== ===== Glossary =====
  
 <WRAP box 400px> <WRAP box 400px>
 ^ Abbreviation ^ Description ^ ^ Abbreviation ^ Description ^
 +|AAWRE|American Academy of Water Resources Engineers|
 |DFA|Dimensional Fund Advisors| |DFA|Dimensional Fund Advisors|
 |DCMD|Direct Contact Membrane Distillation| |DCMD|Direct Contact Membrane Distillation|
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 |MED|Multiple-Effect Distillation| |MED|Multiple-Effect Distillation|
 |MSF|Multi-stage Flash Distillation| |MSF|Multi-stage Flash Distillation|
 +|NA| Not Applicable|
 |RO|Reverse Osmosis distillation| |RO|Reverse Osmosis distillation|
 |SHD|Simple Homemade Desalination| |SHD|Simple Homemade Desalination|
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 Our team set the price of our product is 149.9 € by applying "Left-digit Effects" for our product. This strategy targets potential customers who are too sensitive to changes in the price list first digit. So if we set the price for 149.9 € instead of 150 €, sales rate will be increased, because that price makes people induce to buy more. Also our team will spend money for advertising on Google, Newspaper and TV. Prices for advertising are different each other because means are different. Also flyer and poster will be made additionally. Our team operates the facebook page "Pyramid Water". By using this, our team will progress some events to attract customers like providing our product for free to potential customers who like our page or product [(Marketing_budget )]. Our team set the price of our product is 149.9 € by applying "Left-digit Effects" for our product. This strategy targets potential customers who are too sensitive to changes in the price list first digit. So if we set the price for 149.9 € instead of 150 €, sales rate will be increased, because that price makes people induce to buy more. Also our team will spend money for advertising on Google, Newspaper and TV. Prices for advertising are different each other because means are different. Also flyer and poster will be made additionally. Our team operates the facebook page "Pyramid Water". By using this, our team will progress some events to attract customers like providing our product for free to potential customers who like our page or product [(Marketing_budget )].
 ==== - Strategy Control ==== ==== - Strategy Control ====
-Marketing control is an important function of marketing. Using suitable controls, any omission in marketing and plans could be detected and corrected to direct it towards the marketing objectives and goals. Marketing control provides the means of testing whether desired goals and results are actually being achieved or not. Control involves measurement, evaluation and monitoring. Resources are scarce and costly so it is important to control marketing plans. Control involves setting goals, measuring performance, evaluating performance, taking corrective action.// If corrective action is taken, an investigation will need to be undertaken to establish precisely why the difference occurred.// [(Marketing_control)]+Marketing control is an important function of marketing. Using suitable controls, any omission in marketing and plans could be detected and corrected to direct it towards the marketing objectives and goals. Marketing control provides the means of testing whether desired goals and results are actually being achieved or not. Control involves measurement, evaluation and monitoring. Resources are scarce and costly so it is important to control marketing plans. Control involves setting goals, measuring performance, evaluating performance, taking corrective action.// If corrective action is taken, an investigation will need to be undertaken to establish precisely why the difference occurred// [(Marketing_control)] . 
 ) )
  
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 ===== - Eco-efficiency Measures for Sustainability ===== ===== - Eco-efficiency Measures for Sustainability =====
  
-// +
-//+
  
 ==== - Introduction ==== ==== - Introduction ====
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 Nowadays the Sustainability is seen as a global concept. Water resources are a key element in sustainable development, the largest share is agriculture, followed by industry and households. The growing future needs will show the already serious shortfalls in investment, as well as other weaknesses such as poor sector efficiency and inadequate prices. The three main elements of sustainable development are environmental, economical and social. These three elements are explained and applied to our product, in this chapter of the report.  Nowadays the Sustainability is seen as a global concept. Water resources are a key element in sustainable development, the largest share is agriculture, followed by industry and households. The growing future needs will show the already serious shortfalls in investment, as well as other weaknesses such as poor sector efficiency and inadequate prices. The three main elements of sustainable development are environmental, economical and social. These three elements are explained and applied to our product, in this chapter of the report. 
  
-// 
  
-// 
 ==== - Sustainable development ==== ==== - Sustainable development ====
  
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   * Improve the economic and ecological efficiency [(Sustainability_main_elements)].   * Improve the economic and ecological efficiency [(Sustainability_main_elements)].
  
-// 
  
-// 
 ==== - Environmental ==== ==== - Environmental ====
  
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   * Select recyclable materials for the product design. Give me 5 will  choose materials that can be reused and recycled with the lowest cost, taking into account which are the best for the design. The goal is to develop a product in the most efficient way that possible, and reduce the non-environmental product quantity used.   * Select recyclable materials for the product design. Give me 5 will  choose materials that can be reused and recycled with the lowest cost, taking into account which are the best for the design. The goal is to develop a product in the most efficient way that possible, and reduce the non-environmental product quantity used.
-//  +
-//+
 ==== - Economical ==== ==== - Economical ====
 Economic sustainability is the most elusive component of the triple bottom line approach. There is a universal consensus that businesses must be economically sustainable:  economic growth, the quality of the system and the amount of selling product matters.  Economic sustainability is the most elusive component of the triple bottom line approach. There is a universal consensus that businesses must be economically sustainable:  economic growth, the quality of the system and the amount of selling product matters. 
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 The aim is to create a desalination plant for a dome, focusing on economic development and environmental protection simultaneously. The team will achieve this goals by choosing the materials and methods of production that are more adequate, taking in count the relation between price and quality. The aim is to create a desalination plant for a dome, focusing on economic development and environmental protection simultaneously. The team will achieve this goals by choosing the materials and methods of production that are more adequate, taking in count the relation between price and quality.
  
-?????????? The Pyramid water is economically sustainable because... ????????????????? +The Pyramid water is economically sustainable because the consume of resources is minimal like water and electricity, i'ts make with recyclable components and the most ecological that we can use, it's possible to collect some salt, and re-use it.
-//+
  
-//  
 ==== - Social ==== ==== - Social ====
-Social Sustainability is defined as “//the ability of a community to develop processes and structures which not only meet the needs of its current members, but also support the ability of future generations to maintain a healthy community [(Social_Sustainability)].+Social Sustainability is defined as “//the ability of a community to develop processes and structures which not only meet the needs of its current members, but also support the ability of future generations to maintain a healthy community"// [(Social_Sustainability)].
  
 The product has to be compliant with the customers needs. The keywords for this aspect of sustainability are social justice and human dignity. The product has to be compliant with the customers needs. The keywords for this aspect of sustainability are social justice and human dignity.
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 Finally, the team has gotten the users. A familiar relation with the users helps to ensure a strong union between them and the company. The company is not only about selling and making a profit, it's about satisfying the user's needs. User service well implemented with social skills and helping with our eco-friendly product provides a better user company relation. Finally, the team has gotten the users. A familiar relation with the users helps to ensure a strong union between them and the company. The company is not only about selling and making a profit, it's about satisfying the user's needs. User service well implemented with social skills and helping with our eco-friendly product provides a better user company relation.
  
-?????????? The Pyramid water is environmentally socially because... ?????????????????+The Pyramid water is environmentally socially because being an eco-friendly product it helps to the team to have a better relationship to all the social groups, going from the employees, to suppliers, and finally the users.
  
  
-// 
-// 
 ==== - Life Cycle Analysis ==== ==== - Life Cycle Analysis ====
 A life Cycle Analysis is the analysis of a product system for assessing the potential environmental aspects and potential aspects associated with a product by undertaking four steps: compiling an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs, evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs and interpreting the results of the inventory and impact phases in relation to the objectives of the study.  A life Cycle Analysis is the analysis of a product system for assessing the potential environmental aspects and potential aspects associated with a product by undertaking four steps: compiling an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs, evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs and interpreting the results of the inventory and impact phases in relation to the objectives of the study. 
  
-// +// ISO 14040.2 Draft: Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Guidelines //
-- ISO 14040.2 Draft: Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Guidelines+
  
 Figure {{ref>flabel551}} displays the phases of lyfe cycle analysis Figure {{ref>flabel551}} displays the phases of lyfe cycle analysis
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-//+
 ==== - Conclusion ==== ==== - Conclusion ====
-//As a resume, the goals are must be eco-friendly and energy independent by only using the energy of the sun, it has to provide the energy to work. The team has a strong value of environmental aspect, however, it has to work on economic and social aspects too, to allow the Water pyramid  to arrive in all of the different markets we can arrange.+As a resume, the goals are must be eco-friendly and energy independent by only using the energy of the sun, it has to provide the energy to work. The team has a strong value of environmental aspect, however, it has to work on economic and social aspects too, to allow the Water pyramid  to arrive in all of the different markets we can arrange.
 The team gives a high value on this topic. The sea water users will use, must be turned into purified water to make sure the clients have access too use it. The team gives a high value on this topic. The sea water users will use, must be turned into purified water to make sure the clients have access too use it.
  
 Also the team can use the salt extracted from the sea water, to use it to cook, or other utilities. The salt is a common product, and it can be got while the system obtain purified water, without wasting energy, non producing any pollution, and any additional cost to the process. Also the team can use the salt extracted from the sea water, to use it to cook, or other utilities. The salt is a common product, and it can be got while the system obtain purified water, without wasting energy, non producing any pollution, and any additional cost to the process.
  
- // + 
  
 ===== - Ethical and Deontological Concerns ===== ===== - Ethical and Deontological Concerns =====
  
 ==== - Introduction ====  ==== - Introduction ==== 
-//+
 In this part, the Ethical and Deontological Concerns of our project are exposed. [(Ethics)] In this part, the Ethical and Deontological Concerns of our project are exposed. [(Ethics)]
  
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   *  Liability / Responsibilities    *  Liability / Responsibilities 
  
-.//+
  
 ==== - Engineering Ethics ==== ==== - Engineering Ethics ====
-//+
 Engineering ethics is about the rules of engineering ethics that you always have to apply in a project. Beeing an engineer means to have responsibilities. Their decisions impact the environment, the society and the company. Therefore, this field is governed by some practices of engineering according to a code of ethics.  Engineering ethics is about the rules of engineering ethics that you always have to apply in a project. Beeing an engineer means to have responsibilities. Their decisions impact the environment, the society and the company. Therefore, this field is governed by some practices of engineering according to a code of ethics. 
  
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 During all the different steps of the project, all the team will respect this engineering code of ethics, but some points are more important than others for this project.  During all the different steps of the project, all the team will respect this engineering code of ethics, but some points are more important than others for this project. 
  
-//+
  
 ==== - Sales and Marketing Ethics ====  ==== - Sales and Marketing Ethics ==== 
-//+
 Sales and Marketing ethics is about the relation ship between the company and the clients. Nowadays, a lot of company are so interesting by making profit and winning money that they stop respecting their clients. In other words, they used the trust of their clients and advertising to dupe them and their rights. This selfish principle maybe increase at the beginning the sales but at the end that enrole the lost of credibility of the company and the dissatisfaction of the client. Moreover false advertising or disclosure of risks can be dangerous. Sales and Marketing ethics is about the relation ship between the company and the clients. Nowadays, a lot of company are so interesting by making profit and winning money that they stop respecting their clients. In other words, they used the trust of their clients and advertising to dupe them and their rights. This selfish principle maybe increase at the beginning the sales but at the end that enrole the lost of credibility of the company and the dissatisfaction of the client. Moreover false advertising or disclosure of risks can be dangerous.
  
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 Moreover, « Give me 5 » took the decision of establishing the price according to ethic considerations. The prices are not fixed yet, but the profit of the company will be chosen according to the work provided for the project, the price of the raw materials, and the clients. To resume, the company will make profit of the system, but not an unreasonable profit. The goal of the group is not to make profits of others but help the people to access to clean water. The price will be fair, rewarding the work supplied and allowing people to buy it. Moreover, « Give me 5 » took the decision of establishing the price according to ethic considerations. The prices are not fixed yet, but the profit of the company will be chosen according to the work provided for the project, the price of the raw materials, and the clients. To resume, the company will make profit of the system, but not an unreasonable profit. The goal of the group is not to make profits of others but help the people to access to clean water. The price will be fair, rewarding the work supplied and allowing people to buy it.
  
-//+
  
  
 ==== - Academic Ethics ====  ==== - Academic Ethics ==== 
-//+
 Academic ethics is about respect and honesty in your work. It worries that people steal the ideas or sentences of other and used them as it own. This practises are unfair, not respectable and should be banned. At the opposite, if you respect your sources always declaring them, you can enrich your work and putting forward the work of other people through your project. Academic ethics is about respect and honesty in your work. It worries that people steal the ideas or sentences of other and used them as it own. This practises are unfair, not respectable and should be banned. At the opposite, if you respect your sources always declaring them, you can enrich your work and putting forward the work of other people through your project.
  
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 According to this principle, the conclusion id that the project doesn't represent any Academic Ethics issues. According to this principle, the conclusion id that the project doesn't represent any Academic Ethics issues.
-//+
 ==== - Environmental Ethics ====  ==== - Environmental Ethics ==== 
-//+
 Environmental ethics is about the relationship between humans and environment. It worries that men do not conflict with the development and evolution of natural beings. Indeed, all the product has a certain impact on the environment and it’s essential to manage and decrease this impact for the well-being of the next generations and the planet. Human projects have to be always in accordance with the nature instead of damage it.  Environmental ethics is about the relationship between humans and environment. It worries that men do not conflict with the development and evolution of natural beings. Indeed, all the product has a certain impact on the environment and it’s essential to manage and decrease this impact for the well-being of the next generations and the planet. Human projects have to be always in accordance with the nature instead of damage it. 
  
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 The shape of the structure is based on previous research.  The shape of the structure is based on previous research. 
-The full structure can be seen in Figure {{ref>flabel763}}. The system contains out of 4 containers, which can be seen in Figure {{ref>flabel761}}+The full structure can be seen in Figure {{ref>flabel763}}. The system consists  of 4 containers, which can be seen in Figure {{ref>flabel761}}
  
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
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 Parameters for the calculations:  Parameters for the calculations: 
   * H0 : Convection of heat transfer coefficient from cover surface to atmosphere   * H0 : Convection of heat transfer coefficient from cover surface to atmosphere
-    * Tc : Temperature of transparent cover +  * Tc : Temperature of transparent cover 
-    * Ta : Temperature of atmosphere +  * Ta : Temperature of atmosphere 
-  *  σ : Constant of Stefan-Boltzmann +  * σ : Constant of Stefan-Boltzmann 
-  *  ec : emissitivity factor for radiation from cover to atmosphere. For this the PMMA emissitivity is 0.84 +  * ec : Emissivity factor for radiation from cover to atmosphere. For this the PMMA emissivity is 0.84 
   * Hi : Convection of heat transfer coefficient from seawater container to cover surface   * Hi : Convection of heat transfer coefficient from seawater container to cover surface
   * Tb : Temperature of seawater in basin   * Tb : Temperature of seawater in basin
-  * Eb,c : Emissivity factor for radiation from seawater to cover+  * Eb,c: Emissivity factor for radiation from seawater to cover
   * D : Distillate outflow rate (kg/m/m²) from base   * D : Distillate outflow rate (kg/m/m²) from base
-  * λ : Enthalpy of condensation of water vapor is 2264 KJ/Kg+  * λ : Enthalpy of condensation of water vapor is 2264 kJ/kg
  
  
   - //Energy balance around the cover of the distiller and surrounding//   - //Energy balance around the cover of the distiller and surrounding//
  
-Q= Ho . Ac  . (Tc – To) + σ . e . Ac (Tc4 – To4) (1) +Q= Ho * Ac * (Tc – To) + σ * e * Ac (Tc4 – To4) (1)
  
 Convection Convection
-Ho . Ac  . (Tc – To) (2)+Ho * Ac * (Tc – To) (2)
  
 Radiation Radiation
-σ . e . Ac (Tc4 – To4) (3)+σ * e * Ac (Tc4 – To4) (3)
  
   - //Energy balance around the cover of the distiller and the inside of the system//   - //Energy balance around the cover of the distiller and the inside of the system//
  
-Q= Ho . Ac  . (Tb – Tc) + σ . e . Ac (Tb4 – Tc4) + D . λ + I . αc  (4)+Q= Ho * Ac * (Tb – Tc) + σ * e * Ac (Tb4 – Tc4) + D * λ + I * αc  (4)
  
 Convection Convection
-Hi . Ac . (Tb – Tc) (5)+Hi * Ac * (Tb – Tc) (5)
  
 Radiation Radiation
- σ . e . Ac (Tc4 – To4) (6)+ σ * e * Ac (Tc4 – To4) (6)
  
 Assumptions are taken for the calculations. The area of the seawater container, white base and cover stays equal. The cover and condensate film are at a temperature of Tc, the temperature Tb is uniform throughout the basin, liquid and vapor leakage is negligible and the cover condensate are opaque to thermal radiation from the seawater container. Over-all energy balance around 1m² of distiller is:  Assumptions are taken for the calculations. The area of the seawater container, white base and cover stays equal. The cover and condensate film are at a temperature of Tc, the temperature Tb is uniform throughout the basin, liquid and vapor leakage is negligible and the cover condensate are opaque to thermal radiation from the seawater container. Over-all energy balance around 1m² of distiller is: 
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 I(1-εr) = H0 (Tc – Ta ) + σ . ec. Ac (Tc4 – Tr4) +D (Tc – Ts) + B (Tb – Ts ) + Σ L (7)  I(1-εr) = H0 (Tc – Ta ) + σ . ec. Ac (Tc4 – Tr4) +D (Tc – Ts) + B (Tb – Ts ) + Σ L (7) 
  
-  * I : Solar radiation rate on horizontal surface [W/m2 ]+  * I : Solar radiation rate on horizontal surface [W/m²]
   * R: Loss of solar energy by reflection    * R: Loss of solar energy by reflection 
   * B: water outflow rate    * B: water outflow rate 
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 In this equation the solar radiation absorbed in the seawater container and on the distiller bottom per hour is equated to the sum of the heat transferred from the cover to the atmosphere by convection and radiation, the sensible heat carried out in the hot seawater and the warm condensate and heat losses, including the heat transferred through the bottom of the basin. The energy balance is written with the incoming saline water at the reference temperature and there is a further assumption that the condensate leaves the distiller substantially at the cover temperature. In this equation the solar radiation absorbed in the seawater container and on the distiller bottom per hour is equated to the sum of the heat transferred from the cover to the atmosphere by convection and radiation, the sensible heat carried out in the hot seawater and the warm condensate and heat losses, including the heat transferred through the bottom of the basin. The energy balance is written with the incoming saline water at the reference temperature and there is a further assumption that the condensate leaves the distiller substantially at the cover temperature.
- 
- 
    
 === - Practical concerns === === - Practical concerns ===
 The efficiency of the process relies on the mass of condensated water [kg/m³]. This can be calculated by  The efficiency of the process relies on the mass of condensated water [kg/m³]. This can be calculated by 
-∆m= - ∆es/(Rv . Tlowest)+∆m = - ∆es/(Rv * Tlowest)
 With es is the difference of water vapor pressure of the highest and the lowest temperature [bar]; With es is the difference of water vapor pressure of the highest and the lowest temperature [bar];
-Rv is the gas constant of water vapor [461.5 J (K Kg)-1];+Rv is the gas constant of water vapor [461.5 J (K.kg)-1];
 And the temperature at the lowest value [K] And the temperature at the lowest value [K]
  
-es = 6.1078 . 10 ^(7.5 . Ti/ (237.9+Ti) (8)+es = 6.1078 * 10 ^(7.5 * Ti/ (237.9+Ti) (8)
 with T [°C] with T [°C]
  
 The difference of water vapor pressure also can be calculated by the difference of Relative Humidity inside the system by:  The difference of water vapor pressure also can be calculated by the difference of Relative Humidity inside the system by: 
-RH = (e/es) . 100 (9)+RH = (e/es) * 100 (9)
 The e is the real vapor pressure inside the system The e is the real vapor pressure inside the system
  
 === - Water Pyramid Test Result === === - Water Pyramid Test Result ===
  
-Once the prototype was ready the team made some tests during 2h on the roof of the ISEP: +Once the prototype was ready the team made measured during 2h on the roof of ISEP: 
  
-  * Temperature on the Arduino Board: [45,89 ; 53,11] °C +  * Temperature on the Arduino Board: [45.89;53.11] °C 
-  * Pression on the Arduino Board: [1004,79 ; 1006,11] hPa +  * Pression on the Arduino Board: [1004.79;1006.11] hPa 
-  * Temperature inside the brine, on the inside wall and outside wall of the pyramid, Figure {{ref>flabel7313}} +  * Temperature inside the brine, on the inside wall and outside wall of the pyramid (Figure {{ref>flabel7313}}) 
-  * Humidity inside the pyramid+  * Relative Humidity inside the pyramid
  
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-  * Humidity inside the pyramid, figure {{ref>flabel7314}}+  * Humidity inside the pyramid (Figure {{ref>flabel7314}}) 
 + 
 +This test was made to ensure the big difference between the temperature of the inside of the pyramid, the outside of the pyramid and the brine itself. In Figure {{ref>flabel7313}} a graph is shown which make clear that the Temperature from the inside of the pyramid is approximately 10 °C higher than the Brine temperature and approximately 18 °C higher is than the outside temperature. By this, the team can conclude that the process can work. Namely, the evaporation of the Brine will occur and the vapor can condense at the PMMA because the outside of the pyramid is colder than the inside of the pyramid. 
  
 <WRAP centeralign> <WRAP centeralign>
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 </figure> </figure>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 +
 +The Relative Humidity stays constant at approximately 60 % inside of the pyramid (Figure {{ref>flabel7314}}). The higher the Relative Humidity, the more brine evaporated. 
 +
 +After this test, another test of 24 h was made. This for two reasons:  to make calculations and to compare the results with the experiment itself, and to get the difference between the minimum and maximum temperature of the inside-, outside of the system and the brine. 
 +
 +The results of the graph in Figure {{ref>flabel7771}} (A) shows the big difference during day and night. This difference is important for the evaporation and condensation process. By day, the brine evaporates. By night, the vapor condenses. This can also be proven by the Relative Humidity graph in Figure {{ref>flabel7771}} (B). During the evening/night the Relative Humidity increase up to almost 95 % and after this, after condensing, the Relative Humidity decreases. 
 +
 +<WRAP centeralign>
 +<figure flabel7771>
 +{{::thermotest.png?direct&300|}}{{:rhtest.png?direct&300|}}
 +<caption>Temperature (A) and Relative Humidity (B) of the system during a 24 h test</caption>
 +</figure>
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +
 +With the results of the graphs it possible to calculate the percentage evaporated water. 
 +  - Es1 = 122.21 = 6.1078 * 10 ^(7.5 * Tmaxbrine/ (237.9+Tmaxbrine))
 +  - Es2 = 20.41 = 6.1078 * 10 ^(7.5 * Tminbrine/ (237.9+Tminbrine)) 
 +  - ∆Es = 101.80 = Es1-Es2
 +  - ∆m = 0.012 kg = Tmin inside/(461.5 * ∆Es)
 +  - Water evaporated = 12.75 ml = ∆m * 1000 ml/kg
 +  - % evaporated = 6.37 %
 +In this experiment only 6.37 % evaporated. To increase the percentage evaporated, it is important to make the higher difference between the temperature. In future development it is necessary to take this in consideration. 
 +
 +
 +
 ==== - Electronics overview ==== ==== - Electronics overview ====
 To make the Water Pyramid autonomous, an electronic system must be integrated. The Arduino intelligence will be used to control 1 pump and 4 sensors like you can see in the following blackbox in Figure {{ref>flabel731}}.  To make the Water Pyramid autonomous, an electronic system must be integrated. The Arduino intelligence will be used to control 1 pump and 4 sensors like you can see in the following blackbox in Figure {{ref>flabel731}}. 
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 In this chapter the team has written about the ways of how the team managed to develop the ideas of this project. THe changes of the product and the system were explained, tested and discussed over the time. Based on test results, material is chosen and making the electrical schematic for our project makes the whole process easier and more user-friendly.  In this chapter the team has written about the ways of how the team managed to develop the ideas of this project. THe changes of the product and the system were explained, tested and discussed over the time. Based on test results, material is chosen and making the electrical schematic for our project makes the whole process easier and more user-friendly. 
    
-===== - Conclusions ===== 
  
- 
-Just making product through establishing a theme for a product, recording the process, and building physical models by using data from experiment does not mean end everything. Our product will be improved constantly for getting better conditions and our team will obtain feedback from customers and supervisors. In this unit, we mention about overall discussion of our product, and consider about future development for reaching more complete conclusions about the project and product. 
  
  
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-Just making product through establishing a theme for a product, recording the process, and building physical models by using data from experiment does not mean end everything. Our product will be improved constantly for getting better conditions and our team will obtain feedback from customers and supervisors. In this unit, we mention about overall discussion of our product, and consider about future development for reaching more complete conclusions about the project and product.+This chapter comprises a summary of the whole work developed during the European Project Semester as well as suggestions for future development. 
 ==== - Discussion ==== ==== - Discussion ====
  
  
-When our team proceeds the project at first time, we target the subject and our product is envisioned from that subject. After establishing unrefined foundation, we make the approximate model and set materials and suppliers. Also our team starts to record every data from project at the same time (like management, marketing planning, state of art, and etc.). In the process, it takes a lot of time and effort. +At first, the target and objectives were established to get to know in which direction the project should be going. After this research was done to choose right methods for developing the project. Next step is to identify the most appropriate methods to achieve the main goals on theoretical perspective. Later the set up objectives had to meet the practical way of developing the product, which took a lot of effort.  The practical way includes a lot of experiments in appropriate conditions. Thus, the prototype has changed including shapes, materials and design.
  
 + 
 +The prototype has to satisfy the users’ needs in terms of sustainability and marketing, with the help of management and ethics. 
  
-After admitting feedback from supervisors and doing experiments, we will make the real model which is close to Final model. Based on the results of the real model, out team is able to assess the completeness, quality of our product, and also applying knowledge of sustainability . In order to produce better product, we decide to embark on more precise work. 
  
-==== - Future Development ====  +When everything was designed in the right way, the scientific part had to be checked. This means studying the thermodynamic reactions through the system. These test proved the prototype is working but needs improvements, which will be defined in next part of the conclusion. 
  
  
-First of all, our product focuses on sustainability and Eco-friendly, but our team cannot avoid contamination because we will utilize the artificial parts for our product (even solar panel is artificial thing). In addition, it is sure that contamination will occur when our product is produced. Therefore, out team will consider the method of generating the least contamination for environment. +As a team, we are proud of what we achieved and what we worked on. The problem behind our project is very important. This optimized project could be very promising for the future. 
-Secondly, precise calculations. We will struggle with getting the optimal efficiency and minimum cost to product the product by calculating the quantity of energy that it can get, the total time required, method of system control for optimum effect, and also calculations for appearance.     +
-  +
-  +
-===== - References =====+
  
 +==== - Future Development ====  
  
-[2] http://www.gabrielediamanti.com/projects/eliodomestico/ \\ +Regarding the future, several factors of the product can be improved.  
-[3] https://www.deltabid.com/procurement-management/ \\ +First of all, more test about materials can be done do guaranty a sustainable, low cost and efficient system.  
-[4] How Much Water is On Earth?, 2010,http://www.livescience.com/29673-how-much-water-on-earth.html [accessed in March 2016] \\ +Next the electronical part can make the product autonomous.  
-[5] Project Porposal EPS, ISEP, 2016, http://ave.dee.isep.ipp.pt/~mbm/PROJE-EPS/1516/Proposals/EPS_PROJECT_2016_T5.pdf [accessed in February 2016] \\ +And last but not least, more thermodynamical experiments should be done to ensure at which conditions the system works best. 
-[6] Evaporation,Scottish Sensory Centre, http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/BSL/chemistry/evaporationd.html [accessed in March 2016] \\ +
-[7] http://www.marketingteacher.com/marketing-controls/ \\ +
-[8] http://www.emineomedia.com/your-marketing-mix/ \\ +
- +
-Project development part / schematic  : http://www.baumer.com/es-en/services/user-knowledge/ultrasonic-sensors/functionality/ +
-Ethics : http://udel.edu/~tpowers/papers/deontology2.pdf +
-http://www.aawre.org/ +
-http://www.aawre.org/sites/aawre.org/files/users/jbrinn/AAWRE%20CODE%20OF%20ETHICS%20and%20RELEASE%20AGREEMENT%20FORM.pdf +
-https://moodle.isep.ipp.pt/pluginfile.php/104143/mod_resource/content/1/1_EPS_FMV_2016_.pdf+
  
  
  
 ==== References ==== ==== References ====

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